Environmental sustainability has become one of the toughest challenges for human being for economic growth. This research is aimed to examine how to keep balance between environment and economy in transitional countries through energy-environmental efficiency. It uses Total Factor Energy Efficiency and Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the level of energy-environmental efficiency, Total Factor Productivity and Solow Residual to evaluate the mode of economic transitional development, and Dynamic Spatial Panel Model to analyze the interrelations between energy-environmental efficiency and economic transitional development. The approach of the research may be used as a tool for decision-making of sustainable development in a variety of transitional economic systems.